A data hub for the modern game. We break down how football metrics are built — xG, xA, PPDA, progressive passes and field tilt — how data shapes roles and pressing styles, how competitions are structured, and how scouting and video analysis work. Formulas and mechanics yes; invented player statistics no.
Data hub
Niana Analytics explains the numbers behind the modern game — how each metric is built, what it can and cannot tell you, and how analysts turn event and tracking data into tactical insight. No invented player statistics: we explain mechanics and formulas, you draw the conclusions.
xG, xA, PPDA, progressive passes and field tilt — the mechanics behind the numbers.
How event data describes roles, pressing styles, build-up and defensive structure.
Five metrics, one line each: what the number measures and the question it answers.
| Metric | What it measures | Question it answers |
|---|---|---|
| xG | Chance quality of each shot | How good were the chances? |
| xA | Quality of the pass before a shot | Who created the chance? |
| PPDA | Opponent passes allowed per defensive action | How hard does a team press? |
| Progressive passes | Passes that move the ball notably upfield | How does a team advance? |
| Field tilt | Share of attacking-third possession | Who controls territory? |
Swiss-system league phases, the expanded Club World Cup, tiebreakers, seeding and playoffs.
No. xG describes the quality of the chances a team created shot by shot; it is a summary of what happened, not a forecast of what will happen next.
Because each model chooses its own inputs and weights — for example whether it includes defenders, the goalkeeper or the pass before the shot. The definition matters more than the number itself.
No. PPDA measures how many passes an opponent completes per defensive action, so it drops when a team presses high and rises when it drops back. It describes intensity, not success.
No. We explain how metrics are constructed and used. Invented or unverifiable player numbers would defeat the purpose of an analytics explainer.
Scouting methodology, video review workflows, tracking data and analysis reporting.
